Usaco2009

Mirrored from [1]. Source from the old USACO website is currently unavailable.

OPEN09

Source for test cases and analysis: [2]

Problem 1: Ski Lessons [Brian Jacokes, 2002]

Farmer John wants to take Bessie skiing in Colorado. Sadly, Bessie
is not really a very good skier.

Bessie has learned that the ski resort is offering S (0 <= S <=
100) ski classes throughout the day. Lesson i starts at time M_i
(1 <= M_i <= 10,000) and lasts for time L_i (1 <= L_i <= 10,000).
After lesson i, Bessie's ski ability becomes A_i (1 <= A_i <= 100).
Note: this ability is an absolute, not an incremental change.

Bessie has purchased a map which shows all N (1 <= N <= 10,000) ski
slopes along with the time D_i (1 <= D_i <= 10,000) required to ski
down slope i and the skill level C_i (1 <= C_i <= 100) required to
get down the slope safely. Bessie's skill level must be greater
than or equal to the skill level of the slope in order for her to
ski down it.

Bessie can devote her time to skiing, taking lessons, or sipping
hot cocoa but must leave the ski resort by time T (1 <= T <= 10,000),
and that means she must complete the descent of her last slope
without exceeding that time limit.

Find the maximum number of runs Bessie can complete within the time
limit. She starts the day at skill level 1.

Extra feedback will be provided on the first 50 submissions.

PROBLEM NAME: ski

INPUT FORMAT:

* Line 1: Three space-separated integers: T, S, and N

* Lines 2..S+1: Line i+1 describes ski lesson i with three
        space-separated integers: M_i, L_i, and A_i

* Lines S+2..S+N+1: Line S+i+1 describes ski slope i with two
        space-separated integers: C_i and D_i.

SAMPLE INPUT (file ski.in):

10 1 2
3 2 5
4 1
1 3

OUTPUT FORMAT:

A single integer on a line by itself, the maximum number of runs that
Bessie may ski within the time limit.

SAMPLE OUTPUT (file ski.out):

6

OUTPUT DETAILS:

Ski the second slope once, take the lesson, and ski the first slope 5 times
before time is up: a total of 6 slopes.

Problem 2: Work Scheduling [Richard Peng, 2008]

Problem 2: Work Scheduling [Richard Peng, 2008]

Farmer John has so very many jobs to do! In order to run the farm
efficiently, he must make money on the jobs he does, each one of
which takes just one time unit.

His work day starts at time 0 and has 1,000,000,000 time units (!).  He
currently can choose from any of N (1 <= N <= 100,000) jobs
conveniently numbered 1..N for work to do. It is possible but
extremely unlikely that he has time for all N jobs since he can
only work on one job during any time unit and the deadlines tend
to fall so that he can not perform all the tasks.

Job i has deadline D_i (1 <= D_i <= 1,000,000,000). If he finishes
job i by then, he makes a profit of P_i (1 <= P_i <= 1,000,000,000).

What is the maximum total profit that FJ can earn from a given list
of jobs and deadlines?  The answer might not fit into a 32-bit
integer.

PROBLEM NAME: job

INPUT FORMAT:

* Line 1: A single integer: N

* Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 contains two space-separated integers: D_i
        and P_i

SAMPLE INPUT (file job.in):

3
2 10
1 5
1 7

OUTPUT FORMAT:

* Line 1: A single number on a line by itself that is the maximum
        possible profit FJ can earn.

SAMPLE OUTPUT (file job.out):

17

OUTPUT DETAILS:

Complete job 3 (1,7) at time 1 and complete job 1 (2,10) at time 2
to maximize the earnings (7 + 10 -> 17).

Problem 3: Tower of Hay [Brian Dean, 2009]

Cows so hate the dark. In order to change a lightbulb at the top
of the barn, Bessie must build a tower out of bales of hay to climb
so that she can reach it. The N (1 <= N <= 100,000) bales of hay
(conveniently numbered 1..N) enter the barn sequentially on a
conveyor belt. Bale i has integer width w_i (1 <= w_i <= 10,000);
all bales have depth and height of one unit.

Bessie must use all N hay bales to build the tower and must lay
them down in the order they arrive. She can lay as many bales as
she wishes (tightly packed in a line, of course) to create the
foundation of the tower. She can then lay some of the next bales
on top of the previous level to create the next level (no level can
be wider than the level beneath it). She continues this process
until all the bales are used. She must stack the bales in the order
they arrive, from the bottom to the top of the tower. To be clear:
she must not try to sneak a bale back on the foundation after a
bale is placed on the second layer.

Bessie's goal is to create the tallest tower possible -- and she
already knows how wide each every bale of hay will be as it comes
into the barn on the belt. How tall a tower can she construct?

PROBLEM NAME: tower

INPUT FORMAT:

* Line 1: A single integer: N

* Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 contains a single integer: w_i

SAMPLE INPUT (file tower.in):

3
1
2
3

OUTPUT FORMAT:

* Line 1: A single integer, the height of the tallest possible tower
        that can be built

SAMPLE OUTPUT (file tower.out):

2

OUTPUT DETAILS:

Use the first bales with width 1 and 2 for the bottom row (total
width: 3), then the next bale (width 3) for the top row:

            +----------+
            |    3     |
            +---+------+
            | 1 |   2  |
            +---+------+

Problem 4: Bovine Embroidery [Brian Dean, 2009]

Bessie has taken up the detailed art of bovine embroidery. Cows
embroider a cloth mounted in a circular hoop of integer radius d
(1 <= d <= 50,000). They sew N (2 <= N <= 50,000) threads, each in
a straight line from one point on the edge of the hoop to another
point on the edge of the hoop (no two embroidered points share a
location on the hoop's edge).

Being mathematically inclined, Bessie knows a formula of the form
ax + by + c = 0 for each straight line piece of thread. Conveniently,
a, b, and c are integers (-1,000,000 <= a <= 1,000,000; -1,000,000
<= b <= 1,000,000; -1,000,000 <= c <= 1,000,000). Even more
conveniently, no two threads coincide exactly.

Perhaps less conveniently, Bessie knows that her set of formula
coefficients also includes a number of formulae for threads that
do not appear to pass inside the hoop's circle. She regrets this
greatly.

The origin (0,0) is in the precise middle of the hoop, so all points
on the hoop's edge are distance d from the origin. At least one of
the coefficients a and b is non-zero for each thread's formula.

Bovine embroidery is more highly regarded when the number of thread
intersections is maximized. Help Bessie: count the number of pairs
of threads that intersect on the cloth (i.e., within distance d of
the origin). Note that if three threads happen to coincide at the
same point, that would be three pairs of intersections. Four threads
at the same point -> six pairs of intersections, etc.

PROBLEM NAME: cowemb

INPUT FORMAT:

* Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and d

* Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 describes thread i with three integers: a, b,
        and c

SAMPLE INPUT (file cowemb.in):

2 1
1 0 0
0 1 0

INPUT DETAILS:

The two lines are x=0 and y=0.

OUTPUT FORMAT:

* Line 1: One integer, on a line by itself, that is the count of pairs
        of threads that intersect.

SAMPLE OUTPUT (file cowemb.out):

1

OUTPUT DETAILS:

The two lines intersect at (0,0), which is clearly with 1 of the origin.